|
Assesment of fatigue and other symptoms
in CFS has interested the editor of J Psychosom Res, shapiro04.txt, shapiro.editorial06.txt. A thorough study confirm and
quantify alterations in motor speed and working memory in CFS subjects
independent of comorbid psychiatric disease and medication usage, majer.etal08.txt, majer.etal.08.txt,
majer.etal08.pdf.
Working
memory performance is correlated with local brain morphology in the medial
frontal and anterior cingulate cortex in FM patients: structural correlates
of pain-cognition interaction, luerding.etal08.txt
New Jersey studies
At the New Jersey CFS Research
Center, US, many studies have been carried out, Johnson et al., 1994, Johnson
et al., 1996, Christodoulou et al., 1998, DeLuca
et al., 1993, DeLuca et al.,
1995, DeLuca et al., 1997, Tiersky et al., 1997, DeLuca et al., 1997, Servatius et al.,
1998, LaManca et al., 1998, and DeLuca 2000. All studies found impaired information processing in CFS
and the authors support a neurological defect to be the cause of the
attention deficits as well as for other deficits demonstrated.
Thorough and
precise studies have confirmed the presence of impaired information
processing, busichio.etal04.txt, busichio.etal04.pdf and deluca.etal04.txt, deluca.etal04.pdf. The most recent study
document cognitive deficits in CFS, lange.etal05.txt, lange.etal05.pdf.
Cognitive
Function Index for Patients with CFS, brimacombe.etal05.txt, brimacombe.etal05.pdf.
Studies at
the CDC, Atlanta concluded the Cognitive Dysfunction Relates to
Subjective Report of Mental Fatigue in Patients with CFS, capuron.etal06.txt, capuron.etal06.pdf.
In Kansas, a study concluded that CFS patients underestimated their
performance, Metzger & Denney,
2002.
In
Minneapolis, US, two studies have been
undertaken, Marshall et al., 1996, and Marshall et al., 1997, concluding that CFS and depression have slowed motor and
cognitive processing speed in common.
A study comparing CFS, MS and depression found impaired
memory in CFS, Daly et al., 2002 (short),
and Daly et al., 2001
(paper), and a study from Washington found
attention deficits, Ross et al., 2001.
Dr. Buchwald and her team found in their twin-studies
that cognitive abilities in CFS were not impaired from exercise (contrary to
the above findings from New Jersey), Claypoole et al.,
2001. Cognitive
skills in CFS-twins depended upon whether the disease was acquired suddently,
claypoole.etal07.txt, claypoole.etal07.pdf.
A Belgian review
concluded that cognitive difficulties are prominent in CFS, Michiels &
Cluydts, 2001. Two other
2001-studies pointed out the cognitive deficits in CFS, and the difference
between CFS and major depression, Dobbs et al., 2001, and Moss-Morris &
Petrie, 2001. An Aug
2001-study found the intra-individual variability in cognitive functioning to
be significant in CFS, Fuentes et al., 2001, and an
Australian 2001-study among students suffering from CFS found cognitive
disabilities to be a more serious hindrance to education than fatigue, Morris, 2001 (short),
and Morris, 2001 (paper). Two 2002-papers, however, found subjective but no objective,
cognitive deficits in CFS, Short et al., 2002, with CFS patients underestimating their performance, Metzger & Denney,
2002.
Prior to the
above, Michiels et al., 1996, Michiels et al., 1998, and Michiels et al., 1999, concluded that CFS patients perform poorer on recall due to poor
initial learning (poor initial storage) rather than retrieval failure.
Studies from
the UK, Smith et al., 1993, Joyce et al., 1996, Wearden & Appleby,
1996, and Fry & Martin,
1996, Wearden & Appleby,
1997, and Blackwood et al.,
1998. This last study include
investigation of the effect of exertion (or acute fatigue) on cognitive
function in CFS.
A major
break-through was presented with the Dutch discovery of functional (f)MRI
being able to visualize cognitive difficulties in CFS patients, delange.etal04.txt, delange.etal04.pdf.
Cognitive test
performance was dependent on the patients beliefs about exposure to
chemicals, Smith & Sullivan, 2003. Also in a
NZ-study where attention ability was tested and found reduced in CFS, this
was attributed to interpretive deficits, Moss-Morriss &
Petrie, 2003 Moss-Morriss &
Petrie, 2003 (pdf).
One paper, however, found subjective but no objective, cognitive
deficits in CFS, Short et al., 2002,.
Patients with
FM performed more poorly on tests of immediate and delayed recall, Grace et al., 1999. The cognitive deficits with FM resembles normal functioning of
people 20-30 years older, Park et al., 1999. Proving cognitive deficits in FM, Park et al., 2001.
Impaired cognitive functioning on an ecologically
sensitive neuropsychological test of everyday attention, Dick et al., 2002. Disruption of cognitive function in
FM, dick.etal08.txt
Two Turkish
studies found auditory brain potentials documenting cognitive deficits, Yoldas et al., 2003. and alanoglu.etal04.txt. Fibrofog was studied in patients with
rheumatoid arthrisis with and without FM, katz.etal04.txt. Memory function in FM, glass.etal05.txt.
Speed of
Mental Operations in Fibromyalgia: A Selective Naming Speed Deficit, leavitt.katz08.txt.
|
